The velocity peak was found to occur earlier on Z than on both X ( t = −3.12 p = 0.009) and T ( t = −3.46 p = 0.004). (B) For congruent verbal instructions, effects were only seen for +45° targets: acceleration peaked later on X than on T ( t = 2.15 p = 0.045) and Z ( t = −2.69 p = 0.020). The velocity peak furthermore occurred earlier on Z than on X ( t = −3.69 p = 0.004). For +45° targets, later acceleration and velocity peaks were found on X than on T ( t = 2.11 p = 0.030 and t = 3.78 p = 0.0024, respectively). (A) Upon visual cues, when participants pointed toward −45° targets, acceleration peaked later on Z than on X ( t = 3.10 p = 0.011) and T ( t = 2.98 p = 0.014). Asterisk indicates a significant difference between the conditions. Each dot stands for the mean peak latency for one participant in the corresponding condition. The bold lines represent peak latencies averaged across participants for each axis, rectangles illustrate the standard errors. Latencies (in milliseconds) of the peaks along the horizontal (X), tangential (T), and vertical (Z) axes are reported. Supplementary Figure 1: Temporal dynamic of the movements toward −45° and +45° targets upon (A) visual and (B) congruent verbal instructions, for the acceleration (left panel) and velocity (right panel) peaks in Experiment 1.
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